Mamluk rugs are hand-knotted carpets that originated in Cairo during the Mamluk Dynasty, around 1250–1517. They are named after the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo and are thought to have been produced for export to Southern Europe. Mamluk rugs are known for their distinctive designs, including a central medallion surrounded by smaller motifs, usually with a limited colour palette and intricate borders. The design Offers a kaleidoscope effect, which is most interesting and pleasing.

Mamluk rugs were a significant part of Mediterranean commerce and were featured in Venetian paintings as early as the 16th century. Modern Oriental carpets and rugs often feature Mamluk designs. Afghan weavers have also recently been interested in old designs like Mamluk, interpreting them with new colours